Produção Científica
Apresentação
| Using SPITS to Optimize the Cost of High-Performance Geophysics Processing on the Cloud Public cloud providers, such as the Microsoft Azure and the Amazon Web Services (AWS), offer a wide variety of virtual machines, with different specifications, and prices, that are enabling users to run high-performance programs without buying specialized and expensive hardware. Moreover, some providers, such as AWS, allow the user to bid for lower cost virtual machines, called Spot Instances. Nonetheless, these machines may be terminated within a few minutes of warning at the provider discretion. In this work, we leveraged the SPITS programming model to implement a high-performance and fault-tolerant seismic processing application that is proper for execution on Spot instances and analyzed how different virtual machines from the AWS may affect the performance and the price of the computation. Our experimental results indicate that Spot instances have similar performance to regular instances but are roughly three times less expensive. Finally, we show that AWS groups virtual machines in Availability Zones and that selecting virtual machines from different zones may also affect the total execution cost. |
Apresentação
| Microporosity Aspect Ratio of Carbonate Rocks Under Pressure Carbonate rocks usually present a complex porous system, especially regarding the differences in pore geometry. When those rocks are submitted to external pressure variation, that variations in pore geometry may affect the elastic velocities. In this work, we studied the behavior of compressional and shear wave velocities in a set of carbonate rocks at different pressure stages. Our approach is based in a supposition of a dual porosity scenario and consisted in determining the mean value of the aspect ratio of the macro-meso pores through the analysis of optical microscopy images and use the Differential Effective Medium (DEM) theory to estimate the microporosity aspect ratio. The results showed that such microporosity aspect ratio decreases exponentially as pressure increases. |
Apresentação
| Use of Bayesian Inference for Estimative of P-wave Arrival The measurement of acoustic wave forms is present in exploration seismic, well logging and laboratory experiments. For instance, a commonly performed experiment for velocity measurements in cores is the first break picking. The measured data probably contain noise, either inherent to the measuring equipment or other factors. Develop new techniques to do this task automatically and more accurate is even more necessary over time. |
Apresentação
| Lanczos Bidiagonalization Method for Parallel 3-D Gravity Inversion - Application to Basement Relief Definition It is present an efficient parallel algorithm for the inversion of 3-D gravity data, which goal is to estimate the depth of a sedimentary basin in which the density contrast varies parabolically with depth. The efficiency of the gravity inversion methods applied to the interpretation of sedimentary basins depends on the number of data and model parameters to be estimated, making it very poor when the number of parameters is very large. We present the simulation results with a synthetic model of a sedimentary basin inspired in a real situation, taking advantage of a parallel Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm implemented using both MPI and OpenMP. Lanczos bidiagonalization method has been used to obtain the solution for the linearized subproblem at each iteration. The idea of obtaining the solution of a large system of equations using the bidiagonalization procedure is quite useful in practical problems, and allows to implement selection methods for the optimal regularization parameter in an easy way, like the weighted generalized cross validation method, adopted in this work. The hybrid parallel implementation combined with Lanczos bidiagonalization allows us to achieve a significant reduction of the computational cost, which is otherwise very high due to the scale of the problem. |
Apresentação
| Remigration-trajectory Time-migration Velocity Analysis in Regions with Strong Velocity Variations. Remigration trajectories describe the position of an image point in the image domain for different source-receiver offsets as a function of the migration velocity. They can be used for prestack time- migration velocity analysis by means of determining kinematic migration parameters, which in turn, allow to locally correct the velocity model. The main advantage of this technique is that it takes the reflection-point displacement in the midpoint direction into account, thus allowing for a moveout correction for a single reflection point at all offsets of a common image gather (CIG). We have tested the feasibility of the method on synthetic data from three simple models and the Marmousoft data. Our tests show that the proposed tool increases the velocity-model resolution and provides a plausible time-migrated image, even in regions with strong velocity variations. The most effort was spent on the event picking, which is critical to the method. |
Apresentação
| A Wavefront-propagation Strategy for Time-to-depth Conversion We present a strategy to time-to-depth conversion and velocity estimation based only on the image-wavefront propagation. It has two main features: (1) it computes the velocity field and the traveltime directly, avoiding the ray-tracing step; and (2) it requires only the knowledge of the image- wavefront at the previous time step. As a consequence, our method tends to be faster than usual techniques and does not carry the constraints and limitations inherent to common ray-tracing strategies. We have tested the feasibility of the method on the original Marmousi velocity model and two smoothed versions of it. Moreover, we migrated the Marmousi data set using the estimated depth velocity models. Our results indicate that the present strategy can be used to construct starting models for velocity-model building in depth migration and/or tomographic methods. |
Apresentação
| Time-frequency Decomposition and Q-estimation Using Complex Filters Two ideas are presented in this paper. First, we develop an analytic extension of a time-frequency decomposition, the amplitude of which is a high-resolution time-frequency decomposition that produces very tight energy peaks around the instantaneous frequency and the phase of which is a high precision and structured representation of the frequency content over signal’s entire bandwidth. Second, we build upon this signal representation by developing a Q-factor estimation method that does so by balancing both the amplitude and phase information content of the complex time- frequency decomposition. This estimator uses a propagator based on the Kolsy-Futterman formalism, which has a real part associated with attenuation and an imaginary part associated with dispersion, both of which are Q-dependent. The two methods are matched to take advantage of both amplitude and phase information of the time-frequency distribution. We apply both methods to a synthetic seismic trace and to real marine data. In the synthetic example, instantaneous frequency and Q-factor are determined successfully. The phase of the TFD reveals the instantaneous frequency, with greater sharpness, in both the synthetic and, most markedly, in the marine data. |
Apresentação
| Detection of diffractions in seismic sections using Support Vector Classifiers Detection of diffractions is an essential step on diffraction imaging techniques. Due to their smaller amplitudes regarding reflection events, diffraction events are usually treated as noise in standard seismic processing. Diffraction imaging is often used to identify subsurface scattering features with enhanced resolution in comparison to conventional seismic reflection imaging. Several techniques have been presented in literature for separation of diffracted from reflected events. One way is to analyze amplitudes along diffraction time curves in common-offset sections, where it is easier to perceive differences between diffraction and reflection events. Known pattern recognition methods can be used to separate the events. We analyze automatic detection of diffraction points using a two-class k Nearest-Neighbours (kNN) and we present a routine for detection of diffractions using Support Vector Machines (SVM). We evaluate the ability of each method to detect scattering features, using synthetic seismic models. Results indicate that kNN method is more robust to noise and velocity model variation. On the other hand, SVM sensitiveness to velocity model can be useful on velocity analysis of scattering events. |
Apresentação
| RTM imaging condition using impedance sensitivity kernel combined with Poynting vector Reverse time migration (RTM) using cross-correlation imaging condition is always contaminated by low-spatial-frequency artifacts due the presence of sharp wave-speed contrasts in the velocity model. Different techniques have been used and Laplacian filtering can lead to good results but it might damage the signal of interest. Recently it has been observed through numerical examples that RTM images obtained using the impedance sensitivity kernel are much less contaminated by lowfrequency artifacts. In this work, we are proposing to use the impedance sensitivity kernel instead of the conventional cross-correlation RTM imaging condition to attenuate the low frequency artifacts. Using the impedance sensitivity kernel for the source downgoing wavefield separeted by the Poynting vector, we demostrate through syntethic examples that RTM image results preserve well the reflections and attenuate significantly the ackscattered low frequency noise. |
Apresentação
| Chebyshev expansion applied to the one-step wave extrapolation matrix A new method of solving the acoustic one-step wave extrapolation matrix is proposed. In our method the analytical wavefield is separated in its real and imaginary parts and the first-order coupled set of equations is solved by the Tal-Ezer’s technique, and Chebyshev expansion is used to approximate the extrapolate operator eADt , where A is an anti-symmetrical matrix and the pseudodifferential operator F is computed using the Fourier method. Thus, the proposed numerical algorithm can handle any velocity variation. Its implementation is straightforward and if an appropriate number of terms of the series expansion is chosen, the method is unconditionally stable and propagates seismic waves free of numerical dispersion. In our method the number of FFTs is explicitly determined and it is function of the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix A. Numerical modeling examples are shown to demonstrate that the proposed method has the capability to extrapolate waves in time using a time step up to Nyquist limit. |
