Produção Científica
Artigo em Revista
| Image-guided ray tracing and its applications Eikonal solvers have important applications in seismic data processing and inversion, the so-called image-guided methods. To this day, in image-guided applications, the solution of the eikonal equation is implemented using partial-differential-equation solvers, such as fast-marching or fast-sweeping methods. We have found that alternatively, one can numerically integrate the dynamic Hamiltonian system defined by the image-guided eikonal equation and reconstruct the solution with image-guided rays. We evaluate interesting applications of image-guided ray tracing to seismic data processing, demonstrating the use of the resulting rays in image-guided interpolation and smoothing, well-log interpolation, image flattening, and residual-moveout picking. Some of these applications make use of properties of the ray-tracing system that are not directly obtained by eikonal solvers, such as ray position, ray density, wavefront curvature, and ray curvature. These ray properties open space for a different set of applications of the image-guided eikonal equation, beyond the original motivation of accelerating the construction of minimum distance tables. We stress that image-guided ray tracing is an embarrassingly parallel problem that makes its implementation highly efficient on massively parallel platforms. Image-guided ray tracing is advantageous for most applications involving the tracking of seismic events and imaging-guided interpolation. Our numerical experiments using synthetic and real data sets indicate the efficiency and robustness of image-guided rays for the selected applications. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Computational cost comparison between nodal and vector finite elements in the modeling of controlled source electromagnetic data using a direct solver The Finite Element method can be implemented to model geophysical electromagnetic data using one of two methodologies called Nodal and Vector Finite Elements. This paper presents a comparison between the two approaches, emphasizing memory usage and processing time, when simulating Marine Controlled Source Electromagnetic (MCSEM) data in three-dimensional models. The study is carried out using unstructured meshes and a direct solver. Computational cost information from both methodologies are gathered from four different 3D models, each emphasizing a different aspect of the problem. The results indicate that the Vector Finite Element methodology requires less memory and processing time to calculate the same data using the same mesh. Although the nodal method generates a smaller linear system than the vector method, the vector coefficient matrix is significantly more sparse than the nodal one. The greater sparsity makes the vector approach more computationally efficient, requiring less memory and running in less time than the nodal method to generate results with the same level of accuracy. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Anisotropic Born scattering for the qP scalar wavefield using a low-rank symbol approximation We have developed a procedure to derive low-rank evolution operators in the mixed space-wavenumber domain for modeling the qP Born-scattered wavefield at perturbations of an anisotropic medium under the pseudoacoustic approximation. To approximate the full wavefield, this scattered field is then added to the reference wavefield obtained with the corresponding lowrank evolution operator in the background medium. Being built upon a Hamiltonian formulation using the dispersion relation for qP-waves, this procedure avoids pseudo-S-wave artifacts and provides a unified approach for linearizing anisotropic pseudoacoustic evolution operators. Therefore, it is immediately applicable to any arbitrary class of anisotropy. As an additional asset, the scattering operators explicitly contain the sensitivity kernels of the Born-scattered wavefield with respect to the anisotropic medium parameters. This enables direct access to important information such as its offset dependence or directional characteristics as a function of the individual parameter perturbations. For our numerical tests, we specify the operators for a mildly anisotropic tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) medium. We validate our implementation in a simple model with weak contrasts and simulate reflection data in the BP TTI model to indicate that the procedure works in a more realistic scenario. The Born-scattering results indicate that our procedure is applicable to strongly heterogeneous anisotropic media. Moreover, we use the analytical capabilities of the kernels by means of sensitivity tests to demonstrate that using two different medium parameterizations leads to different results. The mathematical formulation of the method is such that it allows for an immediate application to least-squares migration in pseudoacoustic anisotropic media. |
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Artigo em Revista
| The Generalized Cross Validation Method for the Selection of Regularization Parameter in Geophysical Diffraction Tomography Inverse problems are usually ill-posed in such a way that it is necessary to use some method to reduce their deficiencies. For this purpose, we use the regularization by derivative matrices, known as Tikhonov regularization. There is a crucial problem in regularization, which is the selection of the regularization parameter λ. In this work, we use generalized cross validation (GCV) as a tool for the selection of λ. GCV is used here for an application in geophysical diffraction tomography, where the objective is to obtain the 2-D velocity distribution from the measured values of the scattered acoustic field. The results are compared to those obtained using L-curve, and also ϴ-curve, which is an extension of L-curve. We present several simulation results with synthetic data, and in general the results using GCV are equal or eventually better than the other two approaches. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Signal time–frequency representation and decomposition using partial fractions The Z-transform of a complex time signal (or the analytic signal of a real signal) is equal to the Z-transform of a prediction error divided by the Z-transform of the rediction error operator. This inverse is decomposed into a sum of partial fractions, which are used to obtain impulse response operators formed by non-causal filters that complex-conjugate symmetric coefficients. The time components are obtained by convolving the filters with the original signal, and the peak frequencies, corresponding to the poles of the prediction error operator, are used for mapping the time components into frequency components. For non-stationary signals, this decomposition is done in sliding time windows, and the signal component values, in the middle of each window, are attributed to the peak value of its frequency response that corresponds to the pole of this partial fraction component. The result is an exact, but nonunique, time–frequency representation of the input signal. A sparse signal decomposition can be obtained by summing along the frequency axis in patches with similar characteristics in the time–frequency domain. The peak amplitude frequency of each new time component is obtained by computing a scalar prediction error operator in sliding time windows, resulting in a sparse time–frequency representation. In both cases, the result is a time–frequency matrix where an estimate of the frequency content of the input signal can be obtained by summation over the time variable. The performance of the new method is demonstrated with excellent results on a synthetic time signal, the LIGO gravitational wave signal and seismic field data. |
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Artigo em Revista
| A combined method using singular spectrum analysis and instantaneous frequency for the ground-roll filtering The noise attenuation is a fundamental step in seismic data processing, especially when ground-roll suppression remains a challenge. Rank-reduction methods have become quite popular in recent decades, as they promote significant improvements in the quality of data, highlighting reflections in seismograms. We present a methodology for ground-roll filtering, which combines the application of a recursive-iterative singular spectrum analysis method, in the time domain, as a particular way to decompose seismic data, with the computation of the average instantaneous frequency of the signal components. This combination allows for a precise estimation and filtering of the ground-roll noise. The frequency values are used for determining, in each component, the low-frequency parts associated with the ground roll. For every single component, the ground roll is attenuated by zeroing, and stacking the data components, where the average instantaneous frequency values match the ground-roll bandwidth of frequency. Also, in order to enhance the lateral coherence of the reflectors,we present an extension of the recursive-iterative algorithm for a multichannel case. The multichannel algorithm is applicable on a shot, or common mid-point family of seismic traces, after the normal moveout correction. The numerical results using real data show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for ground-roll attenuation and for improving the velocity analysis. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Potencial de exploração de não-convencionais - Bahia. A Bahia, com seu pioneirismo e história de sucesso na produção comercial de petróleo na Bacia do Recôncavo, possui significativo potencial exploratório. Embora as atividades de exploração e produção estejam em declÃnio, devido ao baixo fator de recuperação de poços em campos produtores e ao desinvestimento da Petrobras na exploração em áreas terrestre, desperta interesse o potencial de gás associado aos folhelhos da Formação Candeias, que são rochas geradora+reservatório de gás, pois possuem valores elevados de carbono orgânico total e maturação térmica adequada. A localização privilegiada da Bacia do Recôncavo, em relação aos centros consumidores, aumenta a importância dos reservatórios de baixa permeabilidade no cenário de E&P do estado. Neste capÃtulo, será apresentado o contexto geológico das áreas terrestres potenciais para exploração em reservatórios não convencionais, com maior ênfase na Bacia do Recôncavo. Será dado destaque, ainda, à importância e ao potencial dos dados geofÃsicos disponÃveis no BDEP/ ANP20, à s contribuições da UFBA na formação de recursos humanos para a E&P e à importância do reprocessamento de dados sÃsmicos e da interpretação sismoestratigráfica na investigação do potencial de shale gas do Estado da Bahia. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Prestack seismic data reconstruction and denoising by orientation-dependent tensor decomposition Multidimensional seismic data reconstruction and denoising can be achieved by assuming noiseless and complete data as low-rank matrices or tensors in the frequency-space domain. We have adopted a simple and effective approach to interpolate prestack seismic data that explores the low-rank property of multidimensional signals. The orientation-dependent tensor decomposition represents an alternative to multilinear algebraic schemes. Our method does not need to perform any explicit matricization, only requiring calculation of the so-called covariance matrix for one of the spatial dimensions. The elements of such a matrix are the inner products between the lower dimensional tensors in a convenient direction. The eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix provides the eigenvectors for the reduced-rank approximation of the data tensor. This approximation is used for recovery and denoising, iteratively replacing the missing values. Synthetic and field data examples illustrate the method’s effectiveness for denoising and interpolating 4D and 5D seismic data with randomly missing traces. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Time evolution of the first-order linear acoustic/elastic wave equation using Lie product formula and Taylor expansion We propose a new numerical solution to the first-order linear acoustic/elastic wave equation. This numerical solution is based on the analytic solution of the linear acoustic/elastic wave equation and uses the Lie product formula, where the time evolution operator of the analytic solution is written as a product of exponential matrices where each exponential matrix term is then approximated by Taylor series expansion. Initially, we check the proposed approach numerically and then demonstrate that it is more accurate to apply a Taylor expansion for the exponential function identity rather than the exponential function itself. The numerical solution formulated employs a recursive procedure and also incorporates the split perfectly matched layer boundary condition. Thus, our scheme can be used to extrapolate wavefields in a stable manner with even larger time-steps than traditional finite-difference schemes. This new numerical solution is examined through the comparison of the solution of full acoustic wave equation using the Chebyshev expansion approach for the matrix exponential term. Moreover, to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of our proposed solution, seismic modelling results of three geological models are presented and the processing time for each model is compared with the computing time taking by the Chebyshev expansion method. We also present the result of seismic modelling using the scheme based in Lie product formula and Taylor series expansion for the firstorder linear elastic wave equation in vertical transversely isotropic and tilted transversely isotropic media as well. Finally, a post-stack migration results are also shown using the proposed method. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Potencial gerador e maturidade térmica dos folhelhos da Formação Barreirinha, borda sul da Bacia do Amazonas, Brasil Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial gerador e o efeito da intrusiva Ãgnea básica na maturidade térmica das amostras com base no estudo de geoquÃmica orgânica e palinologia. Foram estudadas 15 amostras de rocha coletadas em um afloramento da Formação Barreirinha, borda sul da Bacia do Amazonas. Nesse afloramento foi observada uma soleira de basalto que pode ter influenciado os dados geoquÃmicos das amostras localizadas no topo do perfil. Os teores de Carbono orgânico total (COT; 0,04–2,06%) e os resultados da pirólise Rock-Eval indicam a presença de querogênio predominantemente dos tipos II e III, potencial gerador de hidrocarbonetos (S2; 0,04–3,00 mg HC/g rocha) variando de pobre a médio, baixa concentração de hidrocarbonetos livres (S1; 0,01–0,25 mg HC/g rocha) e uma variação na maturidade termal (Tmáx: 359–605°C). A razão aquático-terrestre (RAT; 0,08–1,16) indica a predominância de deposição de matéria orgânica algálica, e as razões dos biomarcadores saturados [Hopanos/esteranos; gamacerano/(gamacerano + C30 hopano); TTP/(TTP + DIA); e esteranos C27-C28-C29] indicam um paleoambiente marinho com contribuição variável de componentes terrestres, devido as oscilações do nÃvel do mar ocorridas durante o Devoniano Superior. A razão entre os isoprenóides Pristano e Fitano (P/F: 1,6–7,1) apontam ambiente sub-óxico. Os resultados da cromatografia gasosa e das razões de biomarcadores saturados dos extratos orgânicos [Ts/(Ts + Tm); C29 αββ/(αββ + ααα); C29 S/(C29 S + C29R)] indicam a variação na maturidade térmica ao longo do afloramento, e sugerem a geração e migração de óleo e gás, e/ou a degradação termal de alguns biomarcadores saturados. |
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