Produção Científica



Apresentação
29/11/2011

Design of all-pass operators using a genetic algorithm for mixed phase deconvolution
Dorian Caraballo L. CPGG/UFBA and Milton J. Porsani, CPGG/IGEO/UFBA and INCT-GP/CNPQ

SUMMARY
This paper present a new approach for mixed phase deconvolution. We investigate the use of arbitrary subsets of roots, distributed outside of the unit circle, to estimated mixed-phase inverse filter and wavelets. All pass filters are used to change the phase of the minimum phase filter. The influence of numbers of roots and its distributions was studied in order the obtain a optimum inverse mixed-phase filter. The optimization process to obtain the best inverse filter is performed by using a genetic algorithm. We have used the varimax norm as the object function to measure the simplicity of the deconvolved seismic trace. The method was tested using synthetic and real seismic data.
Apresentação
29/11/2011

Numerical integration in the Calculation of the 2.5-D Response of a Very Large Loop
Valdelírio da Silva e Silva, Cícero Régis, Allen Q. Howard Jr.,
Universidade Federal do Pará and National Institute of Science and Technology of Petroleum Geophysics

SUMMARY
This work presents the details of a procedure for the numerical integration of Hankel transforms in the calculation of the electromagnetic fields generated by a large horizontal loop over a 2D earth. The method performs the integration by deforming the integration path into the complex plane and applying Cauchy’s theorem on a modified version of the integrand. The modification is the replacement of the Bessel functions J0 and J1 by the Hankel functions H(1) 0 and H(1) 1 . The integration on a path going up the complex plane allows us to take advantage of the vanishing properties of the Hankel functions, so that we can calculate on very small segments, instead of the infinite line of the original improper integrals. We have applied the method to calculate the fields of very large loops, at distances and depths which are prohibitive for the traditional numerical integration methods.
Apresentação
29/11/2011

Separate P- and SV-wave equations for VTI media
Reynam C. Pestana, CPGG/UFBA and INCT-GP/CNPQ, Bjørn Ursin, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Paul L. Stoffa, University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics

SUMMARY
In isotropic media we use the scalar acoustic wave equation to perform reverse time migration (RTM) of the recorded pressure wavefield data. In anisotropic media P- and SV-waves are coupled and the elastic wave equation should be used for RTM. However, an acoustic anisotropic wave equation is often used instead. This results in significant shear wave energy in both modeling and RTM. To avoid this undesired SV-wave energy, we propose a different approach to separate P- and SV-wave components for vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. We derive independent pseudo-differential wave equations for each mode. The derived equations for P- and SV-waves are stable and reduce to the isotropic case. The equations presented here can be effectively used to model and migrate seismic data in VTI media where |e −d| is small. The SV-wave equation we develop is now well-posed and triplications in the SV wavefront are removed resulting in stable wave propagation. We show modeling and RTM results using the derived pure P-wave mode in complex VTI media and use the rapid expansion method (REM) to propagate the wavefields in time.
Apresentação
05/09/2011

A experiência nos programas pioneiros de pesquisa e formação de mestres e doutores em geofísica para exploração de petróleo em parceria com a PETROBRAS, o CNPq e a FINEP, na UFBA e na UFPA
Conferência apresentada no 1º Workshop do INCT-GP pelo Prof. Carlos Alberto Dias (PhD - LENEP / UENF).
Artigo em Revista
10/07/2011

A fast modified parabolic radon transform.
We propose a fast and efficient frequency-domain implementation of a modified parabolic Radon transform (modified PRT) based on a singular value decomposition (SVD) with applications to multiple removal. The problem is transformed into a complex linear system involving a single operator after merging the curvature-frequency parameters into a new variable. A complex SVD is applied to this operator and the forward transform is computed by means of a complex back-substitution that is frequency independent. The new transform offers a wider curvature range at signal frequencies than the other PRT implementations, allowing the mapping in the transform domain of low-frequency events with important residual moveouts (long period multiples). The method is capable of resolving multiple energy from primaries when they interfere in a small time interval, a situation where most frequency-domain methods fail to discriminate the different wave types. Additionally, the method resists better to amplitude variations with offset (AVO) effects in the data than does the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method.The proposed method was successfully applied to a deep-water seismic line in the Gulf of Mexico to attenuate water-bottom multiples and subsequent peg-legs originating from multiple paths in the water column. Combining the suggested method with the surface-related multiple elimination (SRME) has led to the best attenuation results in removing residual multiple energy in the stack. ©2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Artigo em Revista
30/03/2011

Total variation regularization for depth-to-basement estimate: Part 1 — Mathematical details and applications
We have developed an inversion approach that estimates the basement relief of a fault-bounded sedimentary basin. The sedimentary pack is approximated by a grid of 3D or 2D vertical prisms juxtaposed in the horizontal directions of a right-handed coordinate system. The prisms' thicknesses represent the depths to the basement and are the parameters to be estimated from the gravity data. To obtain depth-to-basement estimates, we introduce the total variation (TV) regularization as a stabilizing function. This approach lets us estimate a nonsmooth basement relief because it does not penalize sharp features of the solution. We have deduced a compact matrix form of the gradient vector and the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function that allows a regularized Gauss-Newton minimization approach. Because the Hessian matrix of the approximation to the TV function is ill conditioned, we have modified this Hessian matrix to improve its condition and to accelerate the convergence of the Gauss-Newton algorithm. Tests conducted with synthetic data show that the inversion method can delineate discontinuous basements presenting large slips or sequences of small-slip step faults. Tests on field data from the Almada Basin, Brazil, and from the San Jacinto Graben, California, U.S.A., confirm the potential of the method in detecting and locating in-depth normal faults in the basement relief of a sedimentary basin. ©2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Artigo em Revista
30/03/2011

Total variation regularization for depth-to-basement estimate: Part 2 — Physicogeologic meaning and comparisons with previous inversion methods
We applied the mathematical basis of the total variation (TV) regularization to analyze the physicogeologic meaning of the TV method and compared it with previous gravity inversion methods (weighted smoothness and entropic Regularization) to estimate discontinuous basements. In the second part, we analyze the physicogeologic meaning of the TV method and compare it with previous gravity inversion methods (weighted smoothness and entropic regularization) to estimate discontinuous basements. Presenting a mathematical review of these methods, we show that minimizing the TV stabilizing function favors discontinuous solutions because a smooth solution, to honor the data, must oscillate, and the presence of these oscillations increases the value of the TV stabilizing function. These three methods are applied to synthetic data produced by a simulated 2D graben bordered by step faults. TV regularization and weighted smoothness are also applied to the real anomaly of Steptoe Valley, Nevada, U.S.A. In all applications, the three methods perform similarly. TV regularization, however, has the advantage, compared with weighted smoothness, of requiring no a priori information about the maximum depth of the basin. As compared with entropic regularization, TV regularization is much simpler to use because it requires, in general, the tuning of just one regularization parameter. ©2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Artigo em Revista
02/01/2011

Partitioned least-squares operator for large-scale geophysical inversion Geophysics 75, R121, 2010
Least-squares (LS) problems are encountered in many geophysical estimation and data analysis problems where a large number of observations (data) are combined to determine a model (some aspect of the earth structure). Examples of least squares in seismic exploration include several data processing algorithms, theoretically accurate LS migration, inversion for reservoir parameters, and background velocity estimation. A frequently encountered problem is that the volume of data in 3D is so large that the matrices required for the LS solution cannot be stored within the memory of a single computer. A new technique is described for parallel computation of the LS operator that is based on a partitioned-matrix algorithm. The classical LS method for solution of block-Toeplitz systems of normal equation (NE) to the general case of block-Hermitian and non-Toeplitz systems of NE. is generalized. Specifically, a solution of a block-Hermitian system of NE is shown that may be obtained recursively by linearly combining the solutions of lesser order that are related to the forward and backward subsystems of equations. This results in an efficient parallel algorithm in which each partitioned system can be evaluated independently. The application of the algorithm to the problem of 3D plane wave transformation is demonstrated. ©2010 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Apresentação
01/01/2011

Ground-roll attenuation based on SVD filtering
We present a singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method for attenuation of the ground roll. Before the SVD computation, the normal move-out (NMO) correction is applied to the seismograms, with the purpose of flattening the reflections. SVD is performed on a small number of traces in a sliding window. The output trace is the central trace of the first few eigenimages. These contains mostly horizontally aligned signals, and other noise in the data will be suppressed. The new method preserves the character and frequency content of the horizontal reflections and attenuates all other type of events. We illustrate the method using land seismic data of the Tacutu basin, located in the north-east part of Brazil. The results show that the proposed method is effective and is able to reveal reflections masked by the ground-roll. ©2009 Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Artigo em Revista
01/01/2011

Simultaneous 3D depth-to-basement and density-contrast estimates using gravity data and depth control at few points
We have developed a gravity-inversion method for simultaneously estimating the 3D basement relief of a sedimentary basin and the parameters defining a presumed parabolic decay of the density contrast with depth in a sedimentary pack, assuming prior knowledge about the basement depth at a few points. The sedimentary pack is approximated by a grid of 3D vertical prisms juxtaposed in both horizontal directions of a right-handed coordinate system. The prisms' thicknesses represent the depths to the basement and are the parameters to be estimated from the gravity data. To estimate the parameters defining the parabolic decay of the density contrast with depth and to produce stable depth-to-basement estimates, we imposed smoothness on the basement depths and proximity between estimated and known depths at boreholes. We applied our method to synthetic data from a simulated complex 3D basement relief with two sedimentary sections having distinct parabolic laws describing the density-contrast variation with depth. The results provide good estimates of the true parameters of the parabolic law of density-contrast decay with depth and of the basement relief. Inverting the gravity data from the onshore and part of the shallow offshore Almada Basin on Brazil's northeastern coast shows good correlation with known structural features.
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